The Masjid al-Qiblatayn 'Mosque of the Two Qiblas', is a mosque in Medina that is historically important for Muslims as the place where, after prophet Muhammad received the command to change the Qiblah (Direction of Prayer) from Jerusalem to Mecca, the entire congregation led by a companion changed direction in prayer. The name of the mosque goes back to the lifetime of Muhammad, when his companions named it after an event that took place.

The Qiblatayn Mosque is among the earliest mosques that date to the time of Muhammad, along with the Quba Mosque, Prophet's Mosque and possible the Masjid as-Sahaba, considering that the Great Mosques of Mecca and Jerusalem are associated with earlier Prophets in Islamic thought. Most recently it was renovated, circa 1988 CE, during the reign of Malik Fahad bin 'Abdulaziz al-Sa'ud.

Prophet Muhammad received revelation from Allah instructing him to take the Kaaba as the Qibla in the early morning hours of the day, instead of the Qibla of the Jews, that is the Temple Mount in the Shaami city of Jerusalem. He announced this to his companions in his own mosque, after which the news began to spread. A companion who heard this went to Masjid al-Qiblatayn to share this news. Upon arriving, he noticed the congregation were already engaged in the afternoon prayer.

He called out from the back of the mosque that the change of direction has been ordained, and upon hearing this, the imam (leader of the prayer) immediately turned around to face Mecca, and those praying behind him also did so. Another tradition recounts that it was the prophet himself who was leading the prayer, and the revelation came during the Salah. There's another mosque in Zeila, Somali which is also known as the Masjid al-Qiblatayn.