The Sultan Hassan Mosque and Madrasah is considered one of the largest mosques in Egypt, in architecture and the highest in structure. It was established by Sultan Hassan bin Al-Nasir Muhammad bin Qalawun in the period between (757 AH / 1356 AD) and (765 AH / 1363 AD), and this school is located at the end of Muhammad Ali Street in front of Al-Rifai Mosque In the Citadel Square (Salah al-Din Square).
The historian Al-Maqrizi mentions in his writings about the construction of the mosque, which dates back to the fifteenth century AD, noting that the epidemics that affected the population at that time prevented the completion of building the mosque. The total cost of the project exceeded one million dinars. As the project was implemented on such a huge scale, it attracted many craftsmen and craftsmen from different regions of the Mamluk state.
The Sultan Hassan Mosque was used as a fortress due to its proximity to the castle, as it was launched from its rooftop megaliths at the castle when strife erupted between the towering Mamluk princes, which prompted some of the Mamluk sultans to seriously consider demolishing it.
The mosque consists of an open middle courtyard. The courtyard is surrounded by four iwans, “a square or rectangular area, closed on three sides, with its fourth side completely open.” In the four corners of the courtyard there are four doors leading to the four schools designated for teaching the four schools of thought.
The mosque was subjected to many restoration and rebuilding operations throughout the ages until the twentieth century, as most of the Islamic monuments in Cairo, and the most important characteristic of the mosque is the interior and exterior domes with wonderful decorations, its distinctive architectural design, which may have been inspired by the Armenian arts and architecture.